风景写生的意义
借着这次大家出外采风的机会,深圳画室也凑个热闹来简单说说风景写生的一些小技巧和经验。风景写生是绘画的必修课,它是直观感受大自然的重要途径。好的风景画是画师长期置身于大自然,去寻找、发现其中的美好,通过大量的写生加以提炼、取舍、使之成为富有情感内涵、有意境的作品。同时也能与大自然保持亲密的联系,陶冶情操;从学习的角度来看,自然是色彩训练的最好课堂,它提供了丰富的色彩变化和美妙动人的景象。
二
写生中经常遇到的问题
仓促上阵,面对自然景物感受强烈,心情是比较激动的,往往沉不住气不加审视,没有把感性的认识转化为理性的认识,就匆忙地开始画,这种状态画出来的东西往往是不理想的。
动笔之前要保持稳定的心态,在选景、构图、起稿时要有清晰的思维,如何将抽象的感受落实到你的画面上,如何开始、进行、结束,要做到心中有数、头脑里有东西,这样再下笔。前期准备工作做足了做周到了,下笔才会有序而正确。不然越画越错,到最后就很难再改了。
Whether painting or painting with a tablet, usually in the mind to ask yourself, like a teacher in the heart constantly remind you. Especially in the beginning, for example, why choose this scene? What touched you most? What is the base color of the picture? The direction of the light source, where the dark where bright? Where is warm or cool? The focus of the painting or where the focus and so on. This orderly start, although I have been repeated in lectures many times, but here I would like to emphasize again.
Another reason is the experience, some students used to sit painting, the picture from the eyes very close, although the painting was very serious, but after the completion of a retreat, Often back away to see. In the outdoor painting sketch sometimes back to the room to see also feel black, because in the outdoor sky, the sun is strong, indoor light, resulting in differences. So avoid direct sunlight picture, and pay attention to the contrast of the screen itself.
三
如何观察、分析写生色彩
写生色彩是由光源色、固有色、环境色及空间色彩透视诸多因素形成的,它们之间是相互影响,相互制约,虽然有一定规律,但在具体条件下画写生所呈现的色彩又是变化多样的,只能通过正确的观察方法去发现、认识,再表现。这种正确的方法就是整体观察,其实它既不神秘也不难懂,但若能做到却非易事,它需要长期严格训练去解决。它是写生色彩入门的法宝,有了它你面对任何写生课题都将迎刃而解。具体做法是:学会一眼望过去的本领,不要把眼睛盯在具体的地方,而是同时的看,在看的时候要联系比较,比较的诀窍是类比,即找相同类的因素比,如比明度:亮色与亮色比,重色与重色比;比冷暖:冷色与冷色比,暖色与暖色比;比色相:红的与红的比,绿的与绿的比……等等,这样比才能将复杂的色彩条理化排成队,既看到了之间的差别又不会乱,所说的需要长期训练,就是要养成这样观察的习惯,一但有了这个能力做起来是极为迅速的甚至瞬间就获得了这一切。但初学者不能急,开始宁肯慢些,做得要严格,因为不会观察就看不到色彩关系。下面是优秀作品欣赏: